ABSTRACT
BackgroundiDiabetic Ketoacidosis [DKA] is a hyperglycemic crisis that can occur in patients with both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. It is a medical emergency with a significant morbidity and mortality. It is however a potentially reversible condition in case an emergency and immediate medical attention, prompt recognition, diagnosis and treatment were provided
Aim of the Study: was to leverage the current research data in order to construct a treatment guideline for diabetic ketoacidosis in the emergency department
Methods:A literature search was carried out on MEDLINE [including MEDLINE in-process], CINAHL,Embase and the Cochrane Library. Databases using [diabetic ketoacidosis] as a MeSH heading and as textword. High yield journals were also hand searched
Findings: The initial treatment phase aims to restore circulating volume, reduce blood glucose levels, to correct any electrolyte imbalances and to reduce ketone levels which in turn corrects the acidosis. Evidence also showed that there is no need for insulin bolus prior to starting an insulin drip in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. Also, using beta-hydroxybutyrate at presentation can expedite diagnosis and therefore treatment. Implementing treatment guidelines into the emergency department may help expedite diagnosis and treatment
Conclusion: Prompt first line management of DKA is the most critical stage to profoundly reduce morbidity and mortality rates of this potentially fatal crisis. It's therefore crucial to follow the evidence-based guidelines and DKA protocol in the emergency department to expedite diagnosis, guide treatment, and improve continuity of care between the emergency department and the ICU as well as improving the clinical outcomes of patients with DKA. Initially, this will improve outcomes by decreasing the delay until treatment is initiated andprovide a continuum of treatment between the emergency department and the intensive care unit
Furthermore, the healthcare providersmust ensure that they have the ability to provide support and education to people at risk of developing DKA and those that have had an episode of DKA by spreading awareness and education to help reduce both the initial occurrence and recurrence of this often preventable life-threatening condition
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetes Complications/therapy , Insulin/therapeutic use , Hyperglycemia , Patient Outcome Assessment , Review Literature as TopicABSTRACT
Background: Prevention of smoking is a key strategy to improve general health. However, survey data from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia have indicated that a large number of female medical students are addicted to smoking despite the knowledge of its harmful effects. This article comparatively explores the impact of smoking on health among female medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected as part of a program of qualitative and quantitative research investigating the prevalence of smoking among female medical students
Objectives: To study the prevalence of smoking among females in the college of Ibn Sina and it is impact on their health in relation to personal and family character, CAP knowledge attitude and practice, and association of medical condition as chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma
Methods: The study was conducted among female's students attending college of Ibn Sina-Jeddah-Saudi Arabia. An open-ended questionnaire was developed to cover the objectives
Conclusion: This study indicated that across the targeted sites, the descriptions made by female smokers about the harmful impact of smoking on their health were often vague. After assessment of the risk factor and variables that may increase prevalence of smoking among medical students, the prevalence of smoking was only 7.95% and used to practice smoking habit despite the knowledge of its side effects